Initially, diuretics lower blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output and reducing plasma and extracellular fluid volume.
2.
Doripenem s distribution volume is close to that of extracellular fluid volume in humans ( 18.2 L ).
3.
This increase in osmotic plasma levels causes extracellular fluid volume to increase which triggers receptors in both the brain and heart.
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Mineralocorticoid effects can include salt and water retention, extracellular fluid volume expansion, hypertension, potassium depletion, and metabolic alkalosis.
5.
Elevated levels of progesterone potently reduce the sodium-retaining activity of aldosterone, resulting in natriuresis and a reduction in extracellular fluid volume.
6.
The same effect can be seen in therapeutics such as mannitol, which is used to increase urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume.
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The family of natriuretic peptides elicit a number of vascular, renal, and endocrine effects that are important in the maintenance of blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume.
8.
Her higher glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ), expanded extracellular fluid volume, and anabolism in the developing fetus contribute to her relatively low BUN of 5 to 7 mg / dl.
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Eventually, cardiac output returns to normal, and plasma and extracellular fluid volume return to slightly less than normal, but a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance is maintained, thus resulting in an overall lower blood pressure.
10.
Progesterone withdrawal, on the other hand, is associated with a temporary increase in sodium retention ( reduced natriuresis, with an increase in extracellular fluid volume ) due to the compensatory increase in aldosterone production, which combats the blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor by the previously elevated level of progesterone.
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